When asked about their understanding of a list of statistical and analytic EBM concepts, a majority of residents responded that they had a good understanding but only 46% felt they could explain them to others suggesting a limited appreciation of the concepts. Perceived limitations to formal EBM training during residency included a lack of the necessary time to learn EBM strategies and 69% of residents felt their programs lacked qualified teachers of EBM. However, only 55% agreed that they received any formal training of EBM in their programs. The preponderance of residents responded positively that EBM and EBM training should play an important role in their training. The response rate of the survey was 100% ( n = 29) representing the majority of urology chief residents in Canada. No statistical significant difference was seen between parents of circumcised (24/47) and non circumcised children (16/47) in regards to information about HIV prevention and circumcision influencing their decision. Among completed surveys, 31/47(66%) responded that information regarding HIV prevention would not have affected their decision to circumcise, or not circumcise their children, 9/47(19%) would have changed their opinion, and 7/47(15%) were undecided. Other children being circumcised, infection, and religious reasons accounted for 11% of responses. Responses given for circumcision included parental preference (37%), father being circumcised (20%), medical advice (17%), and inability to pull the foreskin back (14%). Overall, 29/47(61%) parents responded that they have circumcised their children. To date a total of 47 questionnaires have been completed, of which 34 (72%) were by parents of Hispanic decent. There were 2 (25%) deaths in group 1, 1 (10%) in group 2, and 1 (2.7%) in group 3 ( p 4 v. Median injury grade for group 1 ( n = 8) was 3, for group 2 ( n = 10) 4, and for group 3 ( n = 36) 2. Renal injury grade distributions were as follows: Grade 1 n = 16, Grade 2 n = 11, Grade 3 n = 10, Grade 4 n = 15, Grade 5 n = 2. Median age was 14 range was 3 to 17 years of age.
Of 81 patients with BCR, 51 received further treatment, with 23 undergoing external beam radiation, 10 androgen deprivation and 18 both.Ī total of 54 consecutive records were reviewed, these included 46 blunt and 8 penetrating renal trauma cases in pediatric patients. Degree of neurovascular bundle sparing had no impact on margin status however, when comparing partial nerve sparing to bilateral NVB resection, the OR was 2.6 fold higher favoring recurrence, p=0.03, though sparing more nerve had no further impact. The odds ratio for recurrence was 2.1x greater if margins were positive, p = 0.01. 25% in group 1 had positive surgical margins v. ECE conferred an OR of 2.42 for recurrence p = 0.003. 82% in group 2, while 45.7% of patients in group 1 were stage pT3, with 65% being pT3a, v. Pathologic stage was pT2 in 54.3% of group 1 v. Average specimen weight was similar between groups. 40% of patients in group 1 had cT2 disease vs. Differences in preoperative PSA, clinical stage, and gleason score were statistically significant between groups. High risk disease (HR 3.1, p < 0.0001), intermediate risk disease (HR 2.0, p < 0.003), and presence of diabetes (HR 1.3, p < 0.04) were associated with need for secondary treatment.Īt mean follow-up of 17.7 months, 81 patients having BCR were identified. Only high risk disease (HR 8.4, p < 0.0001) and intermediate risk disease (HR 2.5, p = 0.004) were associated with decreased disease specific survival. Stratified by BMI category, groups differed with regard to need for secondary treatment ( p = 0.05) and overall mortality ( p 75 years (HR 3.2, p = 0.0001), high-risk disease (HR 1.6, p < 0.0001), and presence of diabetes (HR 1.6, p < 0.0001) were associated with decreased overall survival.
During the follow up period, 1044 deaths occurred 220 (21.1%) were considered death due to prostate cancer. Mean follow-up was 51.3 (SD38.5) months (median 44).
Patients were classified by BMI category as normal (28.8%), overweight (50%), obese (16.4%), and very obese (4.8%). Mean age of the sample at diagnosis was 65.8 (SD 8.4) years and median PSA at diagnosis was 7.
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